TUTORIAL AIR CONDITIONING

THEORY BASES ROOM AIR CONDITIONER

1.1 Electricity Basics
1. Magnets
All the magnet has 2 poles: the North Pole and South Pole. The earth is a magnet, north end as the North Pole and South end of the South Pole. We have seen, the poles of namesake will repel and the poles are not going namesake attraction.
The lines connecting the North Pole and South Pole of the magnet, called Flux. Flux field where this work is called magnetic field.

This flux can pass through all the objects and isolation-insulation as: glass, mica, wood, air or other objects commonly used as insulating electrical equipment. Soft iron is the best thing as a conductor in the flux of all things else, because it is widely used soft iron as part of the tools electric motor.
The magnet is a link between mechanical and electrical voltage.

2. Electricity
Electricity has 2 kinds:
1. Or the flow of direct current average or Direct Current (DC)
2. Flow back and forth or flow rate or Altemating Currrent (AC)

a. Ampere (A)

One-ampere electric current is the number of electrons (measured with coulumb) which flows for one second.
To measure the amount of amperage / current is ampere meter, use it connected with one of said cable. Tang Ampere (clampon Ampermeter or snap around ammeter), is also a tool used to measure the amount, use the tip ampere ampere pliers wrapped in one cable, works by induction.

b. Ohm (A)

The electrical resistance caused by mercury in a glass pipe with a 1 mm2 cross section and 1063 mm in length 20oC, called 1 ohm.
To measure the amount Ohm, Ohm meter is used.
Remember: The flow of electricity must be decided, before measuring the Ohm meter.

c. Volt (V)

Voltage required to flow the electric current of 1 ampere with a 1 Ohm resistance, called the 1 volt. To measure the amount used Volt meter Volt, wear associated with a second parallel cable.
Voltage is widely used:
100 to 125 Volt, 200 -240 Volt, and 350 to 440 volts.


According to Ohm's law formula: I = EE = I x R
R

Where: I = intensity = flow (A)
E = electro motive force = voltage (V)
R = resistance = resistance (Ω)

d. Watt (W)

Voltage has 1 ampere current and voltage 1 volt, 1 Watt called.
In direct current: W = ExI
In the current back and forth (1 Ph): W = Ф ExIxCos
In the current back and forth (3 Ph): W = √ Ф 3ExIxCos

e. Phase (Ph)

The flow of positive electric charge called the phase (phase) or (+), and a negative charge is called 0 or (-).
There are 3 kinds of phases:
1 phase 2 wires: 1 (+) and 1 (-)
2 phase 3 wires: 2 (+) and 1 (-)
3 phase 4 wires: 3 (+) and 1 (-)
On 3 phase electricity, we have 4 cables fruit, 1 fruit which is called O (N) and the 3 fruit called R, S, and T.

f. Period (Ground or Earth)

For safety, for the flow of electricity to the ground. Machines and electric motor frame (frame) is often given a copper wire that electricity can flow into the ground, so as not dangerous for us. In the refrigerator or the cable RAC green or green and yellow.

g. Power factor (PF)

Work factor of the flow rates / back alternating current (AC), is the ratio of the Watt meter Watt, with the Volt x Ampere from the results of a volt meter measurements and Amperemeter.
Power on the flow rate: W = E x I x Cos Ф = V x A x cos Ф
PF = cos Ф = W
V x A

The amount of energy to flow back and forth is not only determined by V x A but is also determined by the size of Cos Ф or power factor.
In general, large power factor between 0.7 - 0.9.
To improve the power factor is often used Running Capacitor.





h. Randemen Motor (Motor Efficiency)

Randemen or effectiveness is the ratio between the voltage generated by the motor on its axis (output), the energy required by the motor terminals (input) on the same unit, expressed in%.
= Output x 100%
Input
Randemen motor


Example:
Motor flow back and forth, 1 Ph, information on the name plate as follows:
Randemen motors = Watt = 700 = 0723 = 72%
V x A x PF 110x11x0.8


i. Cycle

Often also called Frequency or Period.
Number of complete changes (period) at flow rates that occurred within one second, called 1 cycle.
Unit: Cycle per second (c / s)
Periods per second (p / s)
Herz (Hz)
Indonesia and Europe have a flow rate with a frequency of 50 Hz, while the United States and the Philippines 60 Hz.



One Cycle = 1 / 50 sec, amplitude changes occur 2 + and -.

3. Capacitor
Often referred to as Condensor or Condensator is an electrical device that can store electricity. Consisting of 2 layers of thin metal which has a good electrical conductor, and including given oscillation or dielectric.


Insulation or dielectric may consist of: room air, mica, paper, glass, oil, and so on. Size of thin metal and the quality of the dielectric is the decisive save electric power. Save electric power or capacity is measured in Farad (F) or Micro Farad (MFD = μF).
1 Farad = 1,000,000 MFD
1 MFD = 1,000,000 Pico Farad.
Capacitor Volt also assessed, namely that determines the power of resistance against the voltage through the second thin metal, without making sparks on the insulation. Do not connect the capacitor is higher than 110% of the volt is listed on the Capacitor. Description of the Micro Farad, Volt and measure AC or DC power, is always mentioned and printed on the capacitor.
Working principle of the capacitor is when the two terminals of the capacitor connected to the electricity back and forth (AC), then the capacitor will be charged, during the Volt and Ampere electric current from the positive, then one of the terminal and inside the thin metal becomes saturated with electrons, while the metal Another thin and reduced the number of protons electronnya increases.
If the power switch because of the change cycle, the electrical charge will be discharged back to Volt and Ampere the time negative. When electrons are removed, the cargo is stored may cause new sources of energy and can cause additional currents in the windings of electric motors assistant.
Capacitor there are two kinds:
1. Star Dry capacitor or capacitor.
2. Run capacitor or electrolytic capacitor.

Capacitor connected Parallel and Series.

CT = C1 + C2 + C3 + ...
If 2 or more capacitors are connected parallel, then the result is the amount of MFDnya respective MFD capacitor. While Voltnya with the lowest volt-capacitor of the capacitor used.
Vt = V smallest of V1, V2, V3 ...

If only 2 capacitors:
CT = C1 x C2
C1 + C2




If more than 2 capacitors:

Vt = V1 + V2 + V3 + ... ..